|
|
Electrical machines
and appliances industry
|
|
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
|
11,953 |
18,265 |
26,266 |
33,314 |
Source: Statistical
yearbook of
In kind, the main components of the electrical
equipment and appliances output registered an upward trend during the
analyzed period as presented in the following table:
|
Groups of products |
M/U |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004* |
|
Electrical
motors |
Thou.
kW |
2,110 |
1,865 |
1,998 |
1,997 |
|
Electrical
transformers |
Thou. KVA |
2,697 |
1,129 |
4,164 |
3,280 |
|
Electrical
wires and cables |
Thou.
tons |
39 |
345 |
11 |
15 |
|
Batteries
and accumulators |
Thou.
kWh |
875 |
844 |
864 |
925 |
|
Measure and control equipment |
Bill.
lei |
937 |
632 |
1,420 |
… |
|
Automation
equipment |
Bill.
lei |
1,168 |
1,087 |
1,542 |
… |
Source: Statistical yearbook of
* Statistical bulletin for
industry nr. 1/2005 (provisional data)
·
the high level
(about 95 %) of the privatization of the sector, which creates favorable
conditions for the improvement of the production efficiency;
·
the great
number of the small and medium-sized companies, which entails a high level of
flexibility and adaptability to the market requirements;
·
the highly
qualified and experienced personnel employed by the sector;
·
the long
tradition of some major manufacturers of the sector;
·
the complementary
character of the Romanian electro technical industry with the homologous one
from the European Union;
·
the availability of some
multifunctional industrial facilities which can be used as premise for further development by
division/parting.
·
the high
degree (over 50 %) of the physical and moral wear of the equipment, which
negatively influences the productivity, quality and, consequently, the
competing ability of the manufactured products;
·
the faulty structure
of the sector, which is focused primarily on the production of capital
investment goods and neglecting the production of household products;
·
the low degree (about 50
%) of the employment of the production capacities.
The upgrading of the
production capacities for their adjustment to the requirements of the
European standards needs sizable investments. In 2003 alone the volume of the
investments amounted to 3,611 billion lei.
The foreign trade in electrical machines
and appliances occupies a significant place within the whole foreign trade of
Throughout the 2000 – 2004 period the
electrical machines and apparatus foreign trade balance was negative; the
deficit contracted during the first three years and increased vigorously
during the next two years, in 2004 being by 22.3 % higher than in 2000, as
shown in the following table.
Thou. USD
|
|
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
|
Export |
817,365 |
995,554 |
1,431,556 |
1,844,355 |
2,527,989 |
|
Import |
1,723,883 |
1,652,785 |
1,957,688 |
2,639,221 |
3,636,899 |
|
Balance |
- 906,518 |
- 657,231 |
- 526,132 |
- 794,866 |
-1,108,910 |
Source: National Customs
Administration
The electrical machines and appliances
sector consists of a very wide range of items (namely 48 HS positions). The
present survey selected only those groups which had a sizable share within
the exports and/or imports of the sector during the 2000 – 2004 period.
In case of exports, the prominent groups
were the following:
-
wires and cables (HS 85.44);
-
telephone sets (HS 85.17);
-
electro-thermal appliances (HS 85.16);
-
electrical motors (HS 85.01);
-
transformers (HS 85.04).
During 2000 – 2004 these five groups had an average
cumulated share of 62.4 % of
the sector’s total
exports.
The following table presents the
evolution of the shares of the most five exported groups of products between
the 2000 – 2004 period.
|
Groups of products |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
Average share |
|
Wires
and cables |
20.5 |
27.8 |
34.8 |
40.6 |
42.7 |
33.3 |
|
Telephone
sets |
11.7 |
19.8 |
12.5 |
7.5 |
5.1 |
11.3 |
|
Electro-thermical
appl. |
5.3 |
6.9 |
6.2 |
7.1 |
7.7 |
6.6 |
|
Electric
motors |
8.0 |
7.1 |
5.3 |
5.5 |
5.3 |
6.2 |
|
Transformers |
6.1 |
5.4 |
3.6 |
4.8 |
4.8 |
4.9 |
|
Total |
51.6 |
67.0 |
62.4 |
65.5 |
65.6 |
62.4 |
Source: National Customs
Administration
During
2000 – 2004 the main export partners for the above-mentioned groups of
products were the following:
-
wires and cables:
-
telephone sets:
-
electro-thermical appliances:
-
electric motors:
-
transformers:
In case of imports, the prominent groups
were the following:
- integrated circuits (HS 85.42);
- wires and cables (HS 85.44);
- telephone sets (HS 85.17);
- radio broadcasting sets (HS
85.25);
- parts of electrical installations (HS
85.36).
During 2000 – 2004 these five groups had an average
cumulated share of 53.7 % of the sector’s total imports.
The following table presents the
evolution of the shares of the most five imported groups of products between
the 2000 – 2004 period.
|
Groups of products |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
Average share |
|
Integrated
circuits |
19.5 |
10.4 |
15.8 |
13.3 |
9.9 |
13.8 |
|
Wires
and cables |
11.3 |
11.3 |
11.4 |
11.1 |
11.7 |
11.4 |
|
Telephone
sets |
17.2 |
14.9 |
9.3 |
6.0 |
7.5 |
11.0 |
|
Radio broadcasting sets |
6.3 |
10.2 |
10.0 |
9.8 |
11.8 |
9.6 |
|
Parts
for electr. install. |
4.9 |
7.5 |
8.4 |
9.6 |
9.2 |
7.9 |
|
Total |
59.2 |
54.3 |
54.9 |
49.8 |
50.1 |
53.7 |
Source:
National Customs Administration
During
2000 – 2004 the main import partners for the above-mentioned groups of
products were the following:
-
integrated circuits:
-
wires and cables:
-
telephone sets:
-
radio broadcasting sets:
-